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37. What is a CSV file?
Ans. Comma Separated Values (CSV) file is a type of plain text file that is the simplest way to store/arrange
tabular data. It must be saved with the .csv file extension. It can store numbers as well as text. Each line
represents a record wherein the data corresponding to every field is separated or delimited by comma.
38. Which Pandas method is used to send content of a dataframe to CSV file?
Ans. to_csv()
39. Which Pandas method is used to read CSV file?
Ans. read_csv()
40. Which argument is to be given in read_csv() method to suppress first row as header?
Ans. header = None
41. Define a Network. Why is it needed?
Ans. A network is an interconnected collection of autonomous computers that can share and exchange
information.
Need for networking:
(i) Resource sharing: Resources are shared by all computers over the network for effective utilization.
(ii) File sharing: A file in a network can be accessed from anywhere.
42. What are the various types of Networks?
Ans. A Network is an interconnection of several nodes through some communication media with the goal of
sharing data, files and resources. There are four types of networks:
(i) Personal Area Network (PAN) (ii) Local Area Network (LAN)
(iii) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) (iv) Wide Area Network (WAN)
43. Which of the network topologies should be preferred for a company that would like to keep adding more
and more computers to the topology economically as it grows?
Ans. Tree/Star
44. What is meant by Topology? Name some popular Topologies.
Ans. Topology is the arrangement by which computers are connected to each other, either physically or
logically. The popular topologies are:
(i) Bus or Linear Topology (ii) Ring Topology
(iii) Star Topology (iv) Tree Topology
45. What is TCP/IP?
Ans. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is a protocol for communication between
computers used as a standard for transmitting data over networks and is the basis for standard internet
protocols. It is also responsible for assembling packets at the receiver’s side.
46. Define the following data communicating devices:
(i) Repeater (ii) Bridge
(iii) Router (iv) Gateway
Ans. (i) Repeater: It is a device that amplifies and restores the signal before it gets degraded and transmits the
original signal back to the destination. A repeater is a regenerator and not an amplifier.
(ii) Bridge: A bridge is a device designed to connect two LAN segments. The purpose of a bridge is to filter
traffic on a LAN. Bridge relays frames between two originally separate segments. When a frame
enters a bridge, the bridge not only regenerates the signal but also checks the physical address of the
destination and forwards the new copy only to that port.
(iii) Router: Routers operate in the physical, data link and network layers of the OSI model. They decide the
path a packet should take. A router is a networking device whose software and hardware are usually
tailored to the tasks of routing and forwarding data packets across the network.
(iv) Gateway: A gateway operates on all the seven layers of OSI model. A network gateway is a computer
which has internet-working capability of joining together two networks that use different base
protocols. Gateway converts one protocol to another and can, therefore, connect two dissimilar
networks.

A.24 Informatics Practices with Python–XII