Page 185 - PYTHON-12

8.13 NETWORK TERMINOLOGIES

1. Data Channel: A channel is a communication medium through which data or message is
transferred from the sender to the receiver.
2. Baud: The number of changes in a signal per second is called a baud. It is the unit of
measurement for the information-carrying capacity of a communication channel.

3. Bits per second: It is the measuring unit of speed at which data transfer takes place.
4. Bandwidth: The bandwidth measures the information-carrying capacity of a line or a network.
It is the difference between the highest and lowest frequencies allowed on a transmission
media.
B = fh – fl

where fh and fl are the highest and lowest frequencies.
For example, If the highest frequency is 80 Hz and lowest frequency is 50 Hz, what is the
bandwidth of a signal?

Sol. B = fh – fl
B = 80 – 50

B = 30 Hz.
5. Protocol: A protocol is an agreement between the communicating parties on how
communication is to proceed. Protocol means a set of rules that governs a network. A protocol
is a formal description of message formats and the rules that two or more machines must follow
to exchange those messages.
For example, using library books.

CTM: Protocol is a set of rules that governs the network.

Types of Protocols

Protocol specifies what is communicated and how. Let us take an example to explain this
concept. In India, different people speak different languages. Now, a person from Tamil Nadu
and a person from Punjab may not be able to communicate with each other because of the
language difference. However, they can exchange their ideas and communicate with each other
using English as their common language. Similarly, in case of computers, the hardware, software
or even a combination of the two might be required to implement and carry out the protocol.
Thus, the protocol will help in setting up a channel of communication or a connection between
two computers; in other words, a hardware connection between two computers.

There are multiple protocols defined for computer networks, which are as follows:
(a) TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

(b) IP (Internet Protocol)
(c) FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
Computer Networks
(d) PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol)

(e) SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
(f) POP3 (Post Office Protocol)

(g) TELNET (Remote Login)
8.31