Page 49 - debkxi
P. 49

CHAPTER              Ledger
                      CHAPTER

                            9







                                 MEANING OF KEY TERMS USED IN THE CHAPTER

                       1.  Ledger                 Ledger is the principal book which contains all accounts (Real, Personal
                                                  and Nominal Accounts, under Traditional Classification and  Asset
                                                  Accounts, Liability Accounts, Capital Accounts, Revenue Accounts
                                                  and Expense Accounts, under Modern Classification to which the
                                                  transactions recorded in the books of original entry (Journal) are
                                                  transferred, i.e., posted.
                       2.  Principal Book         It is the book which has record of the transactions in a summarised
                                                  manner, i.e., Ledger.
                       3.  Posting                The process of transferring the transactions recorded in the books of
                                                  original entry to the account in the ledger is called posting.
                       4.  Balancing of Accounts   It means totalling the two sides of the account and determining the
                                                  difference. Difference between the totals of the two sides is written
                                                  on the side with smaller total.
                                                  If the total of debit side is smaller, it means that the account has credit
                                                  balance. If the total of credit side is smaller, it means that the account
                                                  has debit balance.
                       5.  Trial Balance          It is a statement in which the balances of the Ledger Accounts are
                                                  written. The total of amounts in the two columns should be same and
                                                  this is a proof of arithmetical accuracy of transactions recorded in the
                                                  books of account.

                                                  CHAPTER SUMMARY

                     •  Ledger is a book or register in which all the accounts are put together.
                     •  Posting to the Ledger is the process of transferring information contained in the Journal
                       to the Ledger.
                     •  Utility of Ledger. Being the principal book of account, a Ledger contains all the information
                       regarding various accounts. It helps in preparing the final accounts.
                     •  Both Journal and Ledger are essential for a complete and efficient accounting system.
                     •  Balancing of Accounts  means  totalling  the  two  sides  of  the  account  and  writing  the
                       difference between the two on the side with the smaller total. In the case of Real Accounts
                       and Personal Accounts, the difference is carried forward to the credit side—if the credit side
                       is greater, by writing ‘By  Balance  b/d’ and to the debit  side, if the debit  side is greater,
                       by writing, ‘To Balance b/d’.
                       Personal and Real Accounts are balanced but Nominal Accounts are closed at the end of
                       the period by transferring them to Trading Account or Profit & Loss Account.
                     •  Trial Balance. A Trial Balance is a statement in which the debit and credit balances of
                       all accounts are written with a view to ascertaining the arithmetical accuracy of the books
                       of account.
   44   45   46   47   48   49   50   51   52   53   54