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4. IP Address: Every machine on a TCP bar/IP Network has a unique identifying number called
an IP Address.

5. Domain Name: It is a way to identify and locate the computers connected to the internet. It
must be unique.

8.5 COMPONENTS OF DATA COMMUNICATION

A network comprises several components along with their functionalities that contribute to its
smooth functioning. To form a network, a lot of hardware devices are required which are described
as follows:
 Sender: A device or a computer that sends the data.

 Receiver: A device or a computer that receives the data.
 Message: Message is the information to be communicated. It may be text, image, audio or
video.

 Transmission Medium: A transmission medium is a physical path through which the data
flows from sender to receiver. A cable or wire or r adio waves can be the medium.
 Protocol: A set of rules that governs data transmission. It represents the communication
methods which are to be followed by the sending and receiving devices.

Fig. 8.5: Components of a Network

Computer Science with Python–XII 8.6 (a) Analog or Broadband Transmission
8.6 MODES OF DATA TRANSMISSION

• The signal is a radio frequency signal or analog, i.e., it can consist of continuous electrical

waves that are of varying amplitudes.
• Telephone networks use this type of transmission.

• Requires modem for transmitting data over baseband medium.