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8.11.3 Bus Topology

Bus topology is a multipoint configuration, i.e., several devices are connected to a main long cable
which acts as a backbone. Nodes are connected by drop lines and taps. A drop line is a connection
between the long cable and devices and taps are the connectors that are punctured inside the main
cable. The data flows from one end of the cable to the other.
However, as the signal travels a long distance, it becomes weaker and weaker.

Fig. 8.21: Bus Topology

Therefore, there should be a limited number of nodes connected to a line. Ethernet is a common
example of bus topology.
Advantages of Bus Topology

(a) Nodes can be connected or removed easily from bus network.

(b) It requires less cable length than a star topology.

(c) Bus network is easy to implement and can be extended up to a certain limit.
(d) It works well for small networks.
Disadvantages of Bus Topology

(a) If there is a fault or break in the main cable, the entire network shuts down.
(b) Terminators are required at both ends of the backbone cable.

(c) Fault isolation is difficult to detect if the entire network shuts down.
(d) When the network is required in more than one building, bus network cannot be used.

(e) The signal becomes weaker if number of nodes becomes large.
(f) Performance degradation occurs with the increased number of nodes.

(g) Collision of data can take place because several nodes can transmit data to each other at
one time.
Computer Science with Python–XII 8.20 8.11.4. Ring Topology
CTM: There is a main cable which is connected to several workstations through taps. Collision of data can
take place in bus topology.

In ring topology, each node is connected to two other nodes on either side of it, forming a ring
network. It shows the line configuration in which each node is connected to one predecessor node
and one successor node. Signal is transmitted only in one direction along the entire ring in a circular
fashion. In ring topology, each device is incorporated with a repeater to strengthen the signal as a
signal passes through all nodes in the entire network. When the data is transmitted from one node