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(a) On the basis of Server: First, the location of the Server is found out. Server should be
placed in that building where the number of computers is maximum (according to the
80:20 rule). After finding the server position, each building distance is compared with the
Server building directly or indirectly (taking other building(s) in between). The shortest
distance is counted, whether it is directly or indirectly calculated.
(b) On the basis of distance from each building: The distance between each building is
compared to all other buildings, either directly or indirectly. The shortest distance is
calculated, whether it is direct or through some other building.
2. Where the following devices should be placed:

Server : Large number of computers in the building
HUB/Switch : Each building
Modem : In the server room

Repeater : It is used if the distances are higher than 70m. It regenerates data
and voice signals.
Router : When one LAN is required to be connected to the other LAN
Best Layout : Star (from Server), BUS topology
Best Cable : Twisted Pair, Ethernet Cable, coaxial cable (when distance is in
metres);
For large distances—Fibre optics cable.
Best connecting technique : In hilly regions, radio waves should be used and city-to-city, state-
to-state satellite should be used.

MEMORY BYTES

 Internet is a network of networks that spreads all over the world.
 ARPANET was the first internet followed by NSFNET and other small networks.
 A gateway is a device that connects dissimilar networks.
 A backbone is a central interconnecting device that connects two or more computers.
 Topology is a way of connecting computers physically or logically.
 Star topology uses a central hub where each computer indirectly connects with the other computer on the network.
 A set of rules that governs internet is called protocol.
 TCP protocol is responsible for sequential arrangement of packets.
 IP protocol is responsible for fragmentation of data into packets and sends those packets in random order.
 FTP protocol is used to share files across networks.
 TELNET is a remote login where a user can login on another user’s system.
 HTTP is used for displaying web pages.

 Web browser is an application program that helps in opening web pages.
 The first page of any website is known as home page.
 Communication media is a transmission media for transmitting data across the network.
 Guided media is also known as wired media while unguided media is also known as wireless media.
 LAN, MAN, WAN and PAN are the four types of networks. Computer Networks
 Viruses are malicious programs that can damage files, disks, file allocation table, etc.
 Spams are unsolicited mails that eat up the disk space.
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