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Relational Database
12 and SQL
12.1 INTRODUCTION
When we speak about an organization, large amount of data is required to be processed and
handled. This data handling is performed by arranging data in the form of tables and databases.
A database is defined as an organized collection of data (information) about an entity (something
that exists) or things. It is a shared collection of related data/information used to support the
activities and decision-making of a particular organization. It also allows the users to enter, access
and analyze their data quickly and easily. It serves as a container which may contain various
database objects. Database is integrated as well as shared. For example, all files belonging to
one organization will be treated as the database of that organization. A database, therefore, is
considered as a repository of stored data. We will now discuss some components like files, tables,
records, fields, etc., that are an important part of a database.
Fig. 12.1: Database and Database Management System
CTM: Database is an organized collection of interrelated data that serves many applications.
Consider the example of a “School” database. This database shall constitute tables related to
student, teacher, result, etc. The data is arranged inside a database as per the file organization
hierarchy as shown in Fig. 12.2.
