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CHAPTER             Introduction to Accounting
                      CHAPTER

                            1           (Meaning and Objectives of Accounting and Accounting Information)







                                  MEANING OF KEY TERMS USED IN THE CHAPTER


                       1.  Accounting        Accounting  is  a systematic process of identifying, measuring, collecting,
                                             recording, classifying, summarising, analysing, interpreting and
                                             communicating financial information to the users.

                       2.  Book Keeping      Book Keeping is the process of recording financial transactions in a
                                             systematic manner and classifying them into ledgers. Book Keeping, thus,
                                             involves:
                                              (i)  Identifying financial transactions and events,
                                             (ii)  Measuring them in terms of money,
                                             (iii)  Recording the identified financial transactions and events in the books
                                                of account, and
                                             (iv)  Classifying, i.e., posting them into ledger accounts.

                       3.  Accountancy       Accountancy is a systematic knowledge of accounting, i.e., it educates how
                                             to maintain the books of account.

                       4.  Trading and Profit   Trading and Profit & Loss Account (Statement  of  Profit  &  Loss,  in
                        & Loss Account       case  of companies)  (Income  Statement) shows  the profit  earned  or
                        (Income Statement)   loss incurred by the enterprise during the accounting year.

                       5.  Balance Sheet     Balance Sheet or Position Statement is the statement which shows
                        (Position Statement)   the financial position of the enterprise on a particular date.

                       6.  Accounting        Accounting  Information  is  used  for  forecasting,  comparing  and
                        Information          evaluating financial performance and position. It also helps in taking
                                             economic decisions.

                       7.  Double Entry System    Double  Entry  System  of  Accounting  means  a  system  of  accounting
                        of Accounting        whereby both, debit and credit, aspects of a transaction are recorded.
                       8.  Accounts from     Accounts from Incomplete Records or Single  Entry  System  of
                        Incomplete Records   Accounting is a system under which both aspects  of  the  transactions
                        (Single Entry System   are not recorded in all the cases. In some cases both aspects are
                        of Accounting)       recorded, while in others either one aspect is recorded or a transaction is
                                             not recorded at all.
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