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Theory Base of Accounting,
                      CHAPTER           Accounting Standards and Indian
                      CHAPTER

                            3           Accounting Standards (Ind-AS)







                                  MEANING OF KEY TERMS USED IN THE CHAPTER


                       1.  Generally Accepted   Generally Accepted Accounting Principles are basic or fundamental
                        Accounting Principles   propositions accepted by the accountants based on which transactions
                        (GAAP)               are recorded in the books of account and financial statements
                                             are prepared.

                       2.  Fundamental Accounting Assumptions
                         i.  Going Concern   Under  the  assumption,  it  is  presumed  that  the  business  will  continue
                           Assumption        for a foreseeable future and there is no intention to close down the business
                                             or scale down its operations significantly.

                        ii.  Accrual Assumption  Under the assumption, a transaction is accounted at the time when it is
                                             entered into and not when settlement takes place.

                        iii.  Consistency    Under the assumption, accounting practices once adopted should  be
                           Assumption        applied consistently year after year. They may be changed under following
                                             three conditions:
                                             (a)  Law requires the change,
                                             (b)  Accounting standard requires the change, or
                                             (c)  It will result in more fair presentation of financial affairs of the business.

                       3.  Accounting        Accounting Standards are the written policy documents covering the
                        Standards            aspects of recognition, measurement, treatment, presentation and disclosure
                                             of accounting transactions in the financial statements.
                       4.  International Financial    International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are a set of
                        Reporting Standards   accounting standards issued by IASB based on sound and clearly
                        (IFRS)               stated principles.

                                                  CHAPTER SUMMARY

                     •  Accounting  Principles:  Accounting is the language of business. To understand the
                       accounting information and for maintaining uniformity and consistency, accounting principles
                       are necessary in accounting.
                       Accounting Principles are the norms or rules which are to be followed in treating various
                       items of assets, liabilities, expenses, incomes, etc.
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