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The sole purpose of software is to make computer hardware useful and operational. A software
knows how to make different hardware components of a computer work and communicate
with each other as well as with the end-user. We cannot talk to or instruct the hardware of a
computer directly. Hence, software acts as an interface between human users and the hardware.
Depending on the mode of interaction with hardware and functions to be performed, software
can be broadly classified into three categories, viz. (i) System software (ii) Utility Software and
(iii) Application software. The categorization of software is shown in Fig. 1.18.

Software

System Utility Application
Software Software Software

Operating Language General Customized
System Translators Purpose Software

Compiler Interpreter Assembler

Fig. 1.18: Classification of Computer Software
1.12.1 System Software

A computer is an electronic device that cannot work on its own until a certain set of instructions
is given to it to perform any task. Similarly, the functions of all the physical components of
Supplement – Informatics Practices with Python–XI
a computer system are guided by a set of instructions or programs collectively known as
System Software. System software provides the basic functions required to use a computer and
run the programs installed on it. This type of software is required to use the computer efficiently.
System software directs the computer what to do, when to do and how to do. It controls all the
major processes and tasks inside the computer system which are described below:
 It provides a platform for running Application software.
 It reads data and instructions through the input devices.
 It translates all data and instructions into computer-understandable form and vice versa.

 It controls all devices attached to the computer system.
 It processes and generates the result on the output devices.
System software can be further categorized into the following categories:
 BIOS

 Operating System
 Device Drivers
 Language Processors

CTM: System software refers to the programs that make the computer operational. It operates, controls
the components and monitors the basic activities of the computer.

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