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 Financial Accounting: Financial Accounting System is used to prepare accounting
information, maintain different ledger accounts and account books. It also helps an
organization to make a budget.
 Hotel Management: Hotel Management software involves management techniques
used in the hotel sector. These can include hotel administration, accounts, billing,
marketing, housekeeping, front office or front desk, food and beverage management,
catering and maintenance, etc. Even advance bookings can be made through this
software. Customers can have a look at the hotel and the rooms before making
bookings. At any point of time, the room availability, tariff for each type of room
and even booking status can be checked.
 Reservation System: Reservation System is a software used to book (reserve) flight
tickets, railway seats, movie tickets, tables in a restaurant, etc. In the case of a
booking system, the inputs are booking requests. The processing involves checking
if bookings are possible and, if so, making the bookings. The outputs are booking
confirmations/rejections.
(C) Proprietary or Free and Open Source Software

Another important category of software which are being extensively used are proprietary and
Open Source Software (OSS).
Developers of some software allow the public to freely use their software along with source
code with an aim to improve further with each other’s help. Such software are known as Free
and Open Source Software (FOSS). For example, the source code of the operating system Ubuntu
is freely accessible to anyone with the required knowledge to improve/add new functionality.
More examples of FOSS include Python, Libreoffice, Openoffice, Mozilla Firefox, etc. Sometimes,
software are freely available for use but source code may not be available. Such software are
Supplement – Informatics Practices with Python–XI
called freeware. Examples of freeware are Skype, Adobe Reader, etc.
When software to be used has to be purchased from the vendor who has the copyright of the
software, then it is a proprietary software. Examples of proprietary software include Microsoft
Windows, Tally, Quickheal, etc. A software can be freeware or open source or proprietary
software depending upon the terms and conditions of the person or group who has developed
and released that software.

MEMORY BYTES
 A buffer is a data area shared by hardware devices or program processes that operate at different speeds or
with different sets of priorities.
 Software is a set of instructions written to achieve the desired task and are mainly categorized as system
software, programming tools and application software.
 Hardware of a computer cannot function on its own. It needs software to be operational or functional.
 Operating system is an interface between the user and the computer and supervises the working of a computer
system, i.e., it monitors and controls the hardware and software of the computer system.

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Fill in the blanks.
(o) Compiler comes under .............................. .
(p) MS office is an .............................. software.
(q) A .............................. is an integrated set of specialized programs that is used to manage the overall
1.10 operations of a computer.