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8.29 HACKING
Hacking is the practice of modifying the features of a system in order to accomplish a goal outside
the creator’s original purpose. A person who consistently engages in hacking activities and has
accepted hacking as a lifestyle and philosophy of their choice is called a hacker.
Computer hacking is the most popular form of hacking nowadays, especially in the field of computer
security. However hacking exists in many other forms also, such as phone hacking, brain hacking,
etc., and it is not limited to either of them.
Due to the mass attention given to black hat hackers by the media, the whole hacking term is often
mistaken for any security-related cyber crime.
8.30 INTRODUCTION TO WEB SERVICES
Internet offers several important and extensively used features or services which are described as
follows:
8.30.1 WWW (World Wide Web)
WWW is an information service that can be used for sending and receiving information over the
internet through interlinked hypertext documents. Web pages may contain text, images, videos
and other multimedia components as well as web navigation features consisting of hyperlinks. The
documents are formatted in a markup language called HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) that
provides links to other documents as well as graphics, audio and video files. The World Wide Web
is based upon client-server architecture where a client sends a request and the server processes
that request and sends responses. A WWW client is called a web browser and a WWW server is
called a web server.
CTM: WWW is a set of programs and protocols that allows the user to create and display multimedia web
pages and is linked to the internet.
8.30.2 Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)
HTML is a language that is used to create web pages which are then displayed by web browsers.
This language tells the browser how to display text, pictures and links on the screen. HTML is
a language that supports multimedia documents and consists of audio, video, graphics, pictures,
etc. It also helps in creating hyperlinks so that various documents can be linked together. When a
person clicks on a specified link, the document related to that link displays. HTML is a document
layout and hyperlink specification language, i.e., a language that uses various coded elements
known as tags for formatting the document and to specify the hyperlinks.
HTML document can be written using any text editor such as NOTEPAD or NOTEPAD2 and save a
file with extension either .HTM or .HTML
Any HTML document, in general, contains at least three elements—HTML, HEAD, and BODY.
These elements are specified by the following respective tags:
1. <HTML> . . .</HTML>
2. <HEAD> . . .</HEAD> Computer Networks
3. <BODY> . . .</BODY>
8.51
